建筑界面表达的主角——材质

材质构成并表达着建筑界面,赋予空间环境以质感之美。重视与认识材质的美学表征,了解与研究典型材质在建筑空间中的特点与应用,对于塑造高品质的建筑具有一定的意义。     

CFRP板加固钢筋混凝土梁的分离式有限元模型

利用有限元方法对用外粘碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)板加固的钢筋混凝土梁的受弯性能进行了分析。在分析中采用了分离式非线性有限元模型,在模型中考虑了钢筋与混凝土、CFRP板与混凝土的联结滑移对梁受弯性能的影响,并用试验验证了该模型的正确性。最后,用该模型对考虑二次受力时CFRP板加固梁受力机理进行了非线性有限元分析。     

Landscape scale vegetation-type conversion and fire hazard in the San Francisco bay area open spaces

Successional pressures resulting from fire suppression and reduced grazing have resulted in vegetation-type conversion in the open spaces surrounding the urbanized areas of the San Francisco bay area. Coverage of various vegetation types were sampled on seven sites using a chronosequence of remote images in order to measure change over time. Results suggest a significant conversion of grassland to shrubland dominated by Baccharis pilularison five of the seven sites sampled. An increase in Pseudotsuga menziesii coverage was also measured on the sites where it was present. Increases fuel and fire hazard were determined through field sampling and use of the FARSITE fire area simulator. A significant increase in biomass resulting from succession of grass-dominated to shrub-dominated communities was evident. In addition, results from the FARSITE simulations indicated significantly higher fire-line intensity, and flame length associated with shrublands over all other vegetation types sampled. These results indicate that the replacement of grass dominated with shrub-dominated landscapes has increased the probability of high intensity fires.     

与树有关--湖南大学工商管理大楼方案设计

本文介绍了湖南大学工商管理大楼的设计过程,针对基地环境的各种制约因素,设计者提出了以樟树激活环境、朴素的设计观、复合界面处理、低造价等设计理念,结合创作实践进行了有益的探索。     

Impact of dissolved organic matter on colloid transport in the vadose zone: deterministic approximation of transport deposition coefficients from polymeric coating characteristics

Although numerous studies have been conducted to discern colloid transport and stability processes, the mechanistic understanding of how dissolved organic matter (DOM) affects colloid fate in unsaturated soils (i.e., the vadose zone) remains unclear. This study aims to bridge the gap between the physicochemical responses of colloid complexes and porous media interfaces to solution chemistry, and the effect these changes have on colloid transport and fate. Measurements of adsorbed layer thickness, density, and charge of DOM-colloid complexes and transport experiments with tandem internal process visualization were conducted for key constituents of DOM, humic (HA) and fulvic acids (FA), at acidic, neutral and basic pH and two CaCl₂ concentrations. Polymeric characteristics reveal that, of the two tested DOM constituents, only HA electrosterically stabilizes colloids. This stabilization is highly dependent on solution pH which controls DOM polymer adsorption affinity, and on the presence of Ca⁺² which promotes charge neutralization and inter-particle bridging. Transport experiments indicate that HA improved colloid transport significantly, while FA only marginally affected transport despite having a large effect on particle charge. A transport model with deposition and pore-exclusion parameters fit experimental breakthrough curves well. Trends in deposition coefficients are correlated to the changes in colloid surface potential for bare colloids, but must include adsorbed layer thickness and density for sterically stabilized colloids. Additionally, internal process observations with bright field microscopy reveal that, under optimal conditions for retention, experiments with FA or no DOM promoted colloid retention at solid-water interfaces, while experiments with HA enhanced colloid retention at air-water interfaces, presumably due to partitioning of HA at the air-water interface and/or increased hydrophobic characteristics of HA-colloid complexes.     

面板堆石坝挤压式边墙的概化数值模型及应用

基于对挤压式边墙实际结构及工作性态分析,从合理性和简单性原则出发,建立了用于面板堆石坝应力位移有限元分析的挤压式边墙概化数值模型。该概化模型由等效板和等效接触面组成,分别采用了线弹性模型和清华接触面弹塑性损伤模型加以描述,其参数易于确定。采用该模型对某面板堆石坝应力变形进行了二三维有限元分析,并与原状模拟分析结果进行了对比。结果表明,概化数值模型能够合理地描述挤压式边墙的实际力学特性,且计算量较小,适用于面板堆石坝的应力变形有限元分析。     

接触问题的一种有限元解法及其在岩土工程中的应用

岩土结构与岩土体的界面及岩土体中存在的节理、滑动面等各类接触面的模拟是岩土计算中一个重要但尚未很好解决的问题 ,应用虚功原理建立接触问题的计算公式 ,发展了相应的有限元计算方法 ,并用该法计算了挡墙土压力、单桩承载力、盾构法施工的隧道等问题 ,证明了该法求解岩土工程问题的可行性及有效性。     

建设项目组织界面协调机制研究

在建设项目中，界面管理具有十分重要的地位，大量的矛盾、争执和损失都发生在界面上。不同项目单元的人员具有不同的价值观，导致不同职能部门之间潜在的冲突。在解决冲突的过程中，当冲突某一方的看法属于正确的时候，可以选择这一方的方案用以解决冲突。当冲突双方的方案都无法解决出现的冲突时，可以选择专家干预的办法来解决冲突。本文在仲裁理论的基础上，提出了一种组合协调模式一等级协调和无等级协调，用于解决建设项目组织内部的界面冲突。     

碳纤维布加固RC梁试验研究及有限元分析

通过试验分析了布厚度、箍筋强度和布端到支座距离等因素对CFRP布底板加固RC梁布端剥离破坏的影响，并应用ANSYS软件进行有限元分析。分析比较试验结果和有限元模拟结果表明，计算所采用的有限元模型及必要的简化方法是合理的。     

纤维复合材料布加固混凝土梁受剪性能的试验研究

本文介绍了8根GFRP布、1根CFRP布加固混凝土梁以及1根未加固对比梁的受剪试验,研究了FRP布受剪加固形式、加固量、剪跨比、FRP材料类型等对受剪性能的影响,着重研究了U型FRP布受剪加固的剥离破坏性能和承载力。根据FRP布应变的试验实测结果,分析了剥离破坏时FRP布的有效发挥程度及其对受剪承载力的贡献,提出了U形FRP布受剪加固混凝土梁剥离承载力的计算公式。